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Texto:

Project, process, and vendor management

Once the key implementation initiatives have been identified, marketing managers work to oversee the execution of the marketing plan. Marketing executives may therefore manage any number of specific projects, such as sales force management initiatives, product development efforts, channel marketing programs and the execution of public relations and advertising campaigns. Marketers use a variety of project management techniques to ensure projects achieve their objectives while keeping to established schedules and budgets.

More broadly, marketing managers work to design and improve the effectiveness of core marketing processes, such as new product development, brand management, marketing communications, and pricing. Marketers may employ the tools of business process reengineering to ensure these processes are properly designed, and use a variety of process management techniques to keep them operating smoothly.

Effective execution may require management of both internal resources and a variety of external vendors and service providers, such as the firm's advertising agency. Marketers may therefore coordinate with the company's Purchasing department on the procurement of these services.


2. Tiempos vervales: 1 ejemplo de cada tiempo

Presente perfecto. Ej: Once the key implementation initiatives have been identified.

3. Idea principal del texto:

Describir los beneficios de la implementación del Project y otros procesos dentro de la gerencia.

4. Categorías lexicales: 2 ejemplos de cada categoría.

Palabras de contenido:

project management; process management

Palabras de función:

Verbos:

Advervios:

B. ESTRUCTURA DE LA ORACIÓN:

PLANNING A PROJECT




by Gerard M Blair

The success of a project will depend critically upon the effort, care and skill you apply in its initial planning. This article looks at the creative aspects of this planning.

THE SPECIFICATION

Before describing the role and creation of a specification, we need to introduce and explain a fairly technical term: a numbty is a person whose brain is totally numb. In this context, numb means "deprived of feeling or the power of unassisted activity"; in general, a numbty needs the stimulation of an electric cattle prod to even get to the right office in the morning. Communication with numbties is severely hampered by the fact that although they think they know what they mean (which they do not), they seldom actually say it, and they never write it down. And the main employment of numbties world-wide is in creating project specifications. You must know this - and protect your team accordingly.

A specification is the definition of your project: a statement of the problem, not the solution. Normally, the specification contains errors, ambiguities, misunderstandings and enough rope to hang you and your entire team. Thus before you embark upon the the next six months of activity working on the wrong project, you must assume that a numbty was the chief author of the specification you received and you must read, worry, revise and ensure that everyone concerned with the project (from originator, through the workers, to the end-customer) is working with the same understanding. The outcome of this deliberation should be a written definition of what is required, by when; and this must be agreed by all involved. There are no short-cuts to this; if you fail to spend the time initially, it will cost you far more later on.


Ej: 1.- Communication with numbties is severely hampered by the fact that although they think they know what they mean (which they do not), they seldom actually say it, and they never write it down.

FRASE VERBAL:

is severely hampered by the fact that although they think they know what they mean (which they do not), they seldom actually say it, and they never write it down.

FRASE NOMINAL:

Communication with numbties

NUCLEO:

Communication

Ej: 2.- A specification is the definition of your Project

FRASE VERBAL:

is the definition of your project

FRASE NOMINAL:
A specification
NUCLEO:
A specification


C. ESTRATEGIAS DE LECTURA:

Articulo: Skimming

Project planning

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment.[1]

Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for completing the project are determined. Following this step, the durations for the various tasks necessary to complete the work are listed and grouped into a work breakdown structure. The logical dependencies between tasks are defined using an activity network diagram that enables identification of the critical path. Float or slack time in the schedule can be calculated using project management software[2]. Then the necessary resources can be estimated and costs for each activity can be allocated to each resource, giving the total project cost. At this stage, the project plan may be optimized to achieve the appropriate balance between resource usage and project duration to comply with the project objectives. Once established and agreed, the plan becomes what is known as the baseline. Progress will be measured against the baseline throughout the life of the project. Analyzing progress compared to the baseline is known as earned value management.[3]

Palabras Claves:

• Project

• Planning

Palabras que se repiten:

• Project

• Cost

• Management

Articulo: Scanning


Biography

Jacobs was born in 1916 in the coal mining town of Scranton, Pennsylvania, the daughter of a doctor and a former school teacher and nurse. After graduating from high school, she took an unpaid position as the assistant to the women’s page editor at the Scranton Tribune. A year later, in the middle of the Depression, she left Scranton for New York City. During her first several years in the city she held a variety of jobs, working mainly as a stenographer and freelance writer, often writing about working districts in the city. These experiences, she claims, “…gave me more of a notion of what was going on in the city and what business was like, what work was like.” While working for the Office of War Information she met her husband, architect Robert Jacobs.





In 1952 Jacobs became an associate editor of Architectural Forum, allowing her to more closely observe the mechanisms of city planning and urban renewal. In the process, she became increasingly critical of conventional planning theory and practice, observing that many of the city rebuilding projects she wrote about were not safe, interesting, alive, or economically sound. She gave a speech on this issue at Harvard in 1956, and William H. Whyte invited her to write a corresponding article in Fortune magazine, titled “Downtown is for People.” In 1961 she presented these observations and her own prescriptions in the landmark book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, challenging the dominant establishment of modernist professional planning and asserting the wisdom of empirical observation and community intuition.

During the 1960s Jacobs also became involved in urban activism, spearheading local efforts to oppose the top-down neighborhood clearing and highway building championed by New York City Parks Commissioner Robert Moses. In 1962 she became the chairman of the Joint Committee to Stop the Lower Manhattan Expressway, in reaction to Moses’ plans to build a highway through Manhattan’s Washington Square Park and West Village. Her efforts to stop the expressway led to her arrest during a demonstration in 1968, and the campaign is often considered one of the turning points in the development of New York City. Moses had previously pushed through the Cross-Bronx Expressway and other motorways despite neighborhood opposition, and the defeat of the Lower Manhattan Expressway was an important victory for local community interests and an instigator of Moses’s fall from power. Jacobs’ harsh criticism of “slum-clearing” and high-rise housing projects was also instrumental in discrediting these once universally supported planning practices.

Marcadores de Definición:

• As.

• Is.

• Involved.

Marcadores de Tiempo:

• Later

• In 1952

• in 1956

• In 1961

Marcadores de Seuencia:

• First

• During

4. Reflexión Final.

A lo largo del tiempo nos pasamos la vida huyendo de los idiomas porque nos resultan difíciles y consideramos que nos quitan tiempo valioso para otras actividades, a lo largo de las clases descubrí que lo peor que podemos hacer es huir de aquello que nos resulta un poco difícil, siento que perdí el miedo al ingles, aprendí nuevas herramientas, en pocas palabras pasé de no entender nada a enterder mucho y con la satisfacción de no tener miedo de apreder más.