Peter Drucker
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Peter Ferdinand Drucker (November 19, 1909 – November 11, 2005) was a writer, management consultant, and self-described “social ecologist.”[1] His books and scholarly and popular articles explored how humans are organized across the business, government and the nonprofit sectors of society.[2] His writings have predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century, including privatization and decentralization; the rise of Japan to economic world power; the decisive importance of marketing; and the emergence of the information society with its necessity of lifelong learning.[3] In 1959, Drucker coined the term “knowledge worker" and later in his life considered knowledge work productivity to be the next frontier of management.[4]
[edit] Personal life and roots of his philosophy
The son of a high-level civil servant in Austria-Hungary – his mother Caroline Bondi had studied medicine and his father Adolf Drucker was a lawyer – Drucker was born in Vienna, the capital of Austria, in a small village named Kaasgraben (now part of the 19th district of Vienna, Döbling). He grew up in a home where intellectuals, high government officials, and scientists would meet to discuss new ideas.[5] After graduating from Döbling Gymnasium, Drucker found few opportunities for employment in post-Habsburg Vienna, so he moved to Hamburg, Germany, first working as an apprentice at an established cotton trading company, then as a journalist, writing for Der Österreichische Volkswirt (The Austrian Economist). Drucker then moved to Frankfurt, where he took a job at the Daily Frankfurter General-Anzeiger. While in Frankfurt, he also earned a doctorate in international law and public law from the University of Frankfurt in 1931. Among his early influences was the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter, a friend of his father’s, who impressed upon Drucker the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship.[6] Drucker was also influenced, in a much different way, by John Maynard Keynes, whom he heard lecture in 1934 in Cambridge. “I suddenly realized that Keynes and all the brilliant economic students in the room were interested in the behavior of commodities,” Drucker wrote, “while I was interested in the behavior of people.”[7]
Over the next 70 years, Drucker’s writings would be marked by a focus on relationships among human beings, as opposed to the crunching of numbers. His books were filled with lessons on how organizations can bring out the best in people, and how workers can find a sense of community and dignity in a modern society organized around large institutions.[8]
As a young writer, Drucker wrote two pieces — one on the conservative German philosopher Friedrich Julius Stahl and another called “The Jewish Question in Germany” — that were burned and banned by the Nazis.[3] In 1933, Drucker left Germany for England. In London, he worked for an insurance company, then as the chief economist at a private bank. He also reconnected with Doris Schmitz, an acquaintance from the University of Frankfurt. They married in 1934. (His wedding certificate lists his name as Peter Georg Drucker.[9]) The couple permanently relocated to the United States, where he became a university professor as well as a free-lance writer and business consultant. (Drucker disliked the term “guru,” though it was often applied to him; “I have been saying for many years,” Drucker once remarked, “that we are using the word ‘guru’ only because ‘charlatan’ is too long to fit into a headline.”)[10]
In 1943, Drucker became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He taught at Bennington College from 1942-1949, then at New York University as a Professor of Management from 1950 to 1971. Drucker came to California in 1971, where he developed one of the country's first executive MBA programs for working professionals at Claremont Graduate University (then known as Claremont Graduate School). From 1971 to his death he was the Clarke Professor of Social Science and Management at Claremont Graduate University. The university's management school was named the "Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management" (later known as the "Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management") in his honor in 1987. He taught his last class at the school in 2002 at age 92.
Peter Ferdinand Drucker (19 de noviembre de 1909 – 11 de noviembre de 2005) fue un abogado y tratadista austríaco autor de múltiples obras reconocidas mundialmente sobre temas referentes a la gestión de las organizaciones, sistemas de información y sociedad del conocimiento, área de la cual es reconocido como su padre y mentor en conjunto con Fritz Machlup. Sus ancestros fueron impresores en Holanda; en alemán Drucker significa "impresor", y de ahí deriva su apellido. Drucker dejó huella en sus obras de su gran inteligencia y su incansable actividad. Hoy es considerado ampliamente como el padre del management como disciplina y sigue siendo objeto de estudio en las más prestigiosas escuelas de negocios.
Tras trabajar en el sector empresarial y como periodista, se doctoró en Derecho Internacional en Alemania. Trabajó como periodista en Alemania, mezclando su actividad con la política desde el año 1920 hasta la caída de la República del Weimar.
En 1933 fue a Londres, trabajó en un Banco, y fue alumno de Maynard Keynes, anteriormente en Bonn fue discípulo de Joseph Schumpeter, y fue la última persona que esta con vida y que tomo clases con estas dos grandes figuras. “Tanto Keynes como Schumpeter tienen muchísimo que enseñarnos, pero más en la forma que debemos pensar económicamente, que en relación con sus teorías específicas, como tesis económica el Keynesismo fallo donde fue aplicado, Schumpeter nunca tuvo una política económica, si fue válido el concepto de que el desequilibrio es el estado normal de la salud de la Economía.”
Tras cuatro años en Londres, el auge del nazismo lo forzó a emigrar a EE.UU. en 1937, donde se convirtió en profesor y escritor. Su primera labor como consultor fue en 1940. Después de enseñar en el Sarah Lawrence College de Nueva York desde 1939 hasta 1949, y en Bennington College de Vermont desde 1942 hasta 1947. Dió clases de Administración de Empresas en la Universidad de Nueva York (1950-1971).
Fue colaborador asiduo de revistas como The Atlantic Monthly y fue columnista de The Wall Street Journal desde 1975 hasta 1995. Desde entonces trabajó ampliamente en los Estados Unidos, Europa, America Latina y Asia, para grandes empresas, agencias gubernamentales y organizaciones sin fines de lucro.
También fue presidente honorario de la Peter F. Drucker foundation for Nonprofit Management. En 1971 fue nombrado profesor (clarke) de ciencias sociales y administración en la escuela de graduados en administración de la universidad de Claremont, donde pasó su última etapa profesional como docente.
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